by tyler | Jun 13, 2023 | CNN, world
Deep ocean water in the Antarctic is heating up and shrinking, with potentially far-reaching consequences for climate change and deep ocean ecosystems, according to a report.
“Antarctic bottom water” is the coldest, saltiest water on the planet. These waters play a crucial role in the ocean’s ability to act as a buffer against climate change by absorbing excess heat and human-caused carbon pollution. They also circulate nutrients across the ocean.
But in the Weddell Sea, located east of the Antarctic Peninsula, this vital water mass is in decline, due to long-term changes in winds and sea ice, according to the study published Monday by the British Antarctic Survey.
Scientists used decades of data taken by ships as well as from satellites to assess the volume, temperature and saltiness of this slice of deep Antarctic Ocean.
“Some of these sections were first visited as far back as 1989, making them some of the most comprehensively sampled regions in the Weddell Sea,” Povl Abrahamsen, a physical oceanographer at BAS and co-author, said in a statement.
They found that the volume of the cold bottom waters has shrunk by more than 20% over the past three decades. They also found that ocean waters deeper than 2,000 meters (6,600 feet) have warmed four times faster than the rest of the global ocean.
“We used to think that changes in the deep ocean could only occur over centuries. But these key observations from the Weddell Sea show that changes in the dark abyss can take place over just a few decades,” Alessandro Silvano from the University of Southampton in the UK, a co-author of the study, said in a statement.
The reason these deep waters are shrinking is down to changes in sea ice formation caused by weakening winds, the study found. Stronger winds tend to push ice away from the ice shelf, which leaves areas of water open for more ice to form. Weaker winds have meant these gaps are smaller, slowing sea ice creation, according to the study.
New sea ice is vital to create the Weddell Sea’s very cold, salty water. As the water freezes, it pushes out salt and as salty water is denser, it sinks to the bottom of the ocean.
The changes in these deep waters can have far-reaching consequences. They are a vital part of global ocean circulation, transporting human-caused carbon pollution into the deep ocean where it remains for centuries, said Silvano. If this deep circulation weakens, “less carbon can be absorbed by the deep ocean, limiting the ability of the ocean to mitigate global warming,” Silvano told CNN.
Oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the world’s excess heat since the 1970s and absorb almost a third of human-produced carbon pollution.
This cold, dense water also has a vital role in supplying oxygen to deep ocean waters. How and whether deep ecosystems could adapt to less oxygen “is unclear,” added Silvano.
Holly Ayres, a researcher at the department of meteorology at Reading University in the UK who was not involved in the study, said the BAS research is a step forward in our knowledge about deep ocean water in the Antarctic.
“To have combined decades of ship-based observations and satellite data is a big leap in our understanding of the formation process, and may be helpful in our understanding of how Antarctic bottom water will form in the future,” Ayres told CNN.
While the changes the study identified are the result of natural climate variability, climate change is also having an impact on Antarctica’s deep waters.
In a March study, scientists found that melting ice is diluting the saltiness of the ocean and slowing down the the circulation of deep ocean water in the Antarctic. Failure to limit planet-heating pollution could lead to the collapse of the circulation of deep ocean water, with potentially devastating consequences for the climate and marine life, the report found.
BAS new study is “an early warning” Shenjie Zhou, an oceanographer at BAS and lead author of the study, told CNN. “The ongoing changes in the deep water layer in the Antarctic are already happening and it’s not heading in the direction that we want.”
by tyler | Jun 8, 2023 | CNN, world
Here’s a look at the life of Iraq’s former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.
Birth date: July 1, 1950
Birth place: Hindiya, Iraq (some sources say Hilla)
Birth name: Nuri Kamil al-Maliki
Marriage: Married
Children: Four daughters and a son
Education: Usul al-Din College, B.A., Islamic Studies, 1973; Salahaddin University, M.A., Arabic Literature, 1992
Religion: Shiite Muslim
Prono: NOO-ree al-MAA-lick-ee
Changed his name to Jawad al-Maliki while he was in exile.
Negotiated with Sunnis and Kurds to help draft Iraq’s constitution.
Previously an adviser to former Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari.
Directed activists in Iraq during his exile in Syria and Iran.
1968 – Joins the Dawa Party.
1979-1980 – When he is sentenced to death for opposing Saddam Hussein and the Baathist party, Maliki flees Iraq and finds refuge in Iran and later Syria.
2003 – Returns to Iraq from Syria.
2003-2004 – Member of the de-Baathification Commission, which works to rid former Baathists from Iraq’s military and government.
January 2005 – Is elected to the new parliament as a member of the Dawa Party and serves as the head of the Security and Defense Committee of the National Assembly.
April 22, 2006 – Is chosen by the Shiite-dominated coalition United Iraqi Alliance to replace Interim Iraqi Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari. He has one month to form a government.
May 20, 2006 – Iraq’s new government is sworn in, with 37 cabinet members and Maliki as prime minister.
July 26, 2006 – Addresses a joint meeting of the US Congress on the war in Iraq.
October 27, 2006 – Meets with US Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, telling him he considers himself “a friend of the US, but [he’s] not America’s man in Iraq.”
January 2, 2007 – States in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, “I wish I could be done with it even before the end of this term.. I didn’t want to take this position… I only agreed because I thought it would serve the national interest, and I will not accept it again.”
March 3-5, 2008 – Meets with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Baghdad.
February 2009 – Maliki’s State of Law coalition wins a plurality in 9 of the 14 provinces that held elections.
March 7, 2010 – Parliamentary elections for Iraq’s second full-term legislature. The main rival to the State of Law coalition, which includes Maliki’s Dawa Party, is the Iraqiya coalition headed by former interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi.
March 26, 2010 – In Iraq’s parliamentary elections, Allawi’s Iraqiya coalition edges out Maliki’s coalition 91 seats to 89.
November 25, 2010 – Maliki is named to a second term by Iraqi President Jalal Talabani in a televised ceremony.
December 12, 2011 – Meets with US President Barack Obama at the White House to discuss the shift in US-Iraq relations with the end of the Iraq war.
June 10, 2012 – Maliki survives the threat of a no-confidence vote by parliament when President Talabani announces that there is not enough support for the vote. Maliki’s opponents accuse him of monopolizing power.
June 21, 2012 – Osama al-Nujaifi, speaker of parliament, announces that Maliki will be asked to appear before parliament in a continued effort to oust him.
January 4, 2014 – Maliki vows to crush the insurgency in Anbar province, where the Sunni insurgency – al Qaeda in Iraq – flourished following the 2003 US-led invasion. “There will be no withdrawal,” Maliki says in a speech carried by Al-Arabiya.
April 30, 2014 – Maliki’s party wins 92 seats in parliamentary elections, short of the 165 seats needed for a majority.
August 11, 2014 – President Fuad Masum appoints Haider al-Abadi as prime minister of Iraq, replacing a defiant Maliki with a member of his own party, despite Maliki’s pronouncement earlier in the day that he intends to stay in office for a third term. Abadi, is the deputy speaker of the Iraqi Parliament and a former aide to Maliki.
August 14, 2014 – In a televised address, Maliki withdraws his candidacy for a third term and endorses Abadi.
September 8, 2014 – Maliki is asked to serve as one of the country’s three vice presidents in the newly formed government.
by tyler | Jun 8, 2023 | CNN, world
Here is a look at the life of Pope Francis, the current pope and first non-European pontiff of the modern era.
Birth date: December 17, 1936
Birth place: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Birth name: Jorge Mario Bergoglio
Father: Mario Bergoglio
Mother: Regina (Sivori) Bergoglio
Religion: Roman Catholic
The first Jesuit pope.
The first Latin American pope and the first from the Americas.
The first non-European pope in more than 1,000 years.
Reportedly received the second most votes in the 2005 papal election.
As archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio took the bus to work and cooked his own meals.
Part of one lung was removed when he was a young man, but he is in good health, according to the Vatican spokesman Rev. Federico Lombardi.
December 13, 1969 – Is ordained as a priest.
1973-1979 – Serves as provincial for Argentina.
1980-1986 – Rector of the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel.
June 3, 1997 – Appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires.
February 28, 1998 – Succeeds Cardinal Antonio Quarracino as archbishop of Buenos Aires.
February 21, 2001 – Is made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II.
November 8, 2005-November 8, 2011 – President of the Bishops’ Conference of Argentina.
February 11, 2013 – Pope Benedict XVI announces that he will retire, effective February 28th. He cites his “advanced age” as the reason.
February 28, 2013 – Benedict XVI leaves the Vatican. At 8 p.m. local time (2 p.m. ET), his reign officially ends.
March 13, 2013 – Bergoglio is elected the 266th pope by 115 cardinals on the second day and the fifth ballot of the cardinals’ conclave. White smoke appears above the Sistine Chapel just after 7 p.m. local time. He takes the name Francis and appears on the balcony at St. Peter’s to greet the crowd.
March 19, 2013 – Pope Francis is inaugurated before a crowd of tens of thousands in St. Peter’s Square.
March 23, 2013 – Francis flies to Castel Gandolfo to meet with Benedict XVI. The Vatican says this is the first time in the history of the church that the current pope has met with his predecessor.
March 26, 2013 – The Vatican announces that Francis has decided to continue staying in a suite in the Vatican hotel instead of moving into the papal apartment.
April 13, 2013 – It is announced that an international council of eight cardinals has been appointed to advise Francis in reforming the Catholic Church.
July 29, 2013 – During his first news conference Francis makes the statement, “If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?” while discussing the gay and lesbian community within the church.
September 19, 2013 – An interview is released in which Francis says that the church has the right to express its opinions but not to “interfere spiritually” in the lives of gays and lesbians.
November 26, 2013 – Francis releases “Evangelii Gaudium” (The Joy of the Gospel), an 85-page call for the church to rethink some traditions.
December 11, 2013 – Francis is named Time magazine’s person of the year.
December 24, 2013 – The Pope visits with the former pope at the monastery Mater Ecclesia, where Benedict XVI lives. Francis later visits children in a local hospital.
December 24-25, 2013 – At St. Peter’s Basilica, Francis celebrates his first midnight mass as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
March 5, 2014 – In a newspaper interview, Francis reaffirms the Catholic Church’s opposition to same-sex marriage, but suggests that it could support some types of civil unions.
April 27, 2014 – Presides over the Canonization of Blesseds, installing popes John XXIII and John Paul II as saints. Benedict XVI attends the ceremony as a guest.
August 30, 2015 – Francis announces that priests around the world will be able to forgive the “sin of abortion” during the Catholic Church’s “Year of Mercy” beginning on December 8 and ending on November 20, 2016.
September 8, 2015 – The Vatican announces reforms to the legal structures Catholics must follow to achieve marital nullity.
September 19, 2015 – Visits Cuba for the first time and praises the reconciliations taking place between Cuba and the United States. Francis also asks Cuba to allow for more religious freedom as the communist country prepares to build the first Catholic Church since the Cuban Revolution.
September 22-28, 2015 – Francis becomes the fourth head of the Church to visit the United States. Pope Paul VI made the first visit by a pontiff in October 1965. While in the United States, Francis visits Washington, DC, speaking at a joint meeting of Congress, addresses the UN General Assembly in New York and holds Mass at Madison Square Garden and attends the Festival of Families in Philadelphia.
November 25, 2015 – Francis arrives in Nairobi for his first-ever Apostolic journey to Kenya, Uganda and the Central African Republic.
April 8, 2016 – Urges priests around the world to be more accepting of gays and lesbians, divorced Catholics and other people living in what the church considers “irregular” situations.
May 13, 2016 – Says the Vatican should study the possibility of ordaining women as deacons, answering a call that women, particularly in the United States, have been asking the church to address for decades.
June 26, 2016 – Says Christians owe apologies to gays and others who have been offended or exploited by the church, remarks that some Catholics hail as a breakthrough in the church’s tone toward homosexuality.
November 21, 2016 – Extends indefinitely the power of Catholic priests to forgive abortions. This follows a special dispensation during the Year of Mercy, which ended November 20, 2016, and allowed all priests, rather than just bishops and specially designated confessors, the power to absolve the “sin of abortion.”
July 16, 2017 – Dozens of conservative Catholic scholars and clergy send a letter to Francis accusing him of spreading heretical positions on marriage, the moral life and the Eucharist.
October 11, 2017 – During a Vatican conference, Francis argues to change the official church teaching on the death penalty. The Catholic church currently teaches that recourse to the death penalty is permitted. The Pope says the death penalty is “inadmissible,” and that official Catholic teaching should reflect that.
November 27, 2017 – Francis becomes the first pope to visit Myanmar, a majority Buddhist country. During a four-day trip, the Pope meets with Myanmar’s cardinal, the military’s most senior general. While in the country, he avoids using the word “Rohingya,” a term the government rejects.
January 18, 2018 – Defends Chilean bishop Juan Barros, who is accused of covering up sex abuse for decades.
April 8, 2018 – Francis says he made “grave errors” in handling a Chilean sex abuse scandal in a letter to the bishops of the Episcopal Conference of Chile.
June 11, 2018 – Accepts the resignation of three Chilean bishops, including Barros. The three bishops submitted declarations of resignation after meeting with the Pope from May 15-17.
August 20, 2018 – The Vatican releases a letter from the Pope that directly addresses the latest accusations of sexual abuse by priests. In part, he writes: “With shame and repentance, we acknowledge as an ecclesial community that we were not where we should have been, that we did not act in a timely manner, realizing the magnitude and the gravity of the damage done to so many lives. We showed no care for the little ones; we abandoned them.”
September 13, 2018 – The Pope meets in Rome with leaders of the Catholic Church from the United States to discuss a deepening crisis related to sex abuse scandals.
October 24, 2018 – The Vatican announces that Francis has removed Bishop Martin Holley of Memphis, Tennessee.
February 3, 2019 – Francis arrives in the United Arab Emirates, making him the first pontiff to visit an Arab Gulf state.
February 5, 2019 – Francis becomes the first pontiff to celebrate Mass in the Arabian Peninsula, the birthplace of Islam, delivering an address to tens of thousands of people in Abu Dhabi.
April 27, 2019 – The Vatican announces that Francis has donated $500,000 to aid migrants in Mexico. The money will be used for housing, food and necessities for the Central American migrants. The funds will be split among 27 projects in 16 Mexican dioceses and religious congregations.
May 9, 2019 – Francis issues new global rules for reporting sexual abuse in the Catholic Church, mandating for the first time that all dioceses set up systems for reporting abuse and coverups. The new rules require all Catholic dioceses around the world to have a “public and accessible” system in place for reporting abuse by June 1, 2020.
October 5, 2019 – Francis appoints 13 new cardinals during a ceremony at the Vatican.
November 23, 2019 – Francis begins a four day tour of Japan. This trip is only the second papal visit to Japan and the first in nearly four decades.
December 17, 2019 – Francis abolishes Vatican secrecy rules for cases of sexual abuse, effectively allowing the Catholic church to share documents and information with civil authorities, and allow victims to be updated of the status of their cases. Francis also expands the church’s definition of child pornography, raising the age limit on who is considered a child from 14 to 18.
October 21, 2020 – Francis declares support for civil unions for same-sex couples for the first time as Pope, according to the Catholic News Agency. The historic remarks are made in the documentary film, “Francesco.” In a letter sent on October 30 from the Vatican’s Secretariat of State to papal representatives (nuncios) around the world, the Vatican says that the comments made in the film were taken out of context. Months later, Francis approves a combative statement from the Vatican saying that the Catholic Church would not bless same-sex unions.
October 25, 2020 – Francis appoints Wilton Gregory to become America’s first Black cardinal.
December 31, 2020 – The Vatican says Francis will not lead the Vatican’s New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day celebrations due to sciatic pain. Francis first revealed he had sciatica (herniation of spinal disk) during an inflight press conference while on a visit to Brazil in 2013.
March 5, 2021 – Lands in Iraq for a historic tour of the war-ravaged nation, where he is meeting with the country’s top political and religious officials and also members of the dwindling Christian community. The trip marks the first-ever papal visit to Iraq, and the pontiff’s first trip outside of Italy since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.
June 1, 2021 – Francis issues the most extensive revision to Catholic Church law in four decades, insisting that bishops take action against clerics who abuse minors and vulnerable adults, commit fraud or attempt to ordain women.
July 4, 2021 – Francis undergoes surgery. The procedure is “a scheduled surgical intervention for a symptomatic stenotic diverticulitis,” according to a statement from the Holy See communications office.
November 2, 2021 – A message from Francis dated October 29 in support of the COP26 UN climate summit is read in part to the assembly by Vatican secretary of state Cardinal Pietro Parolin. In urging solidarity in the fight against climate change, he says that “the wounds inflicted on our human family by the Covid-19 pandemic and the phenomenon of climate change are comparable to those resulting from a global conflict.” He stresses the need for commitment, especially by countries with greater means to contribute.
March 29, 2023 – Francis is hospitalized for the treatment of a respiratory infection.
June 7, 2023 – Undergoes an operation on his abdomen.
by tyler | Jun 7, 2023 | CNN, world
Here’s a look at the Wimbledon tennis championships.
July 3-July 16, 2023 – Wimbledon is scheduled to take place in London.
June 27-July 10, 2022 – Wimbledon takes place in London.
Novak Djokovic defeats Nick Kyrgios 4-6 6-3 6-4 6-6 (7-3) in the men’s final, to win his fourth straight Wimbledon singles title and his 21st grand slam title overall.
Elena Rybakina defeats Ons Jabeur 3-6 6-2 6-2 in the women’s final, to win her first Wimbledon title.
Wimbledon is one of four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. The others are the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open.
Wimbledon takes place at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in London.
Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam event that is still played on grass.
Most singles wins (male) – Roger Federer with eight.
Most singles wins (female) – Martina Navratilova with nine.
Oldest winner (male) – Federer won the Men’s Singles title in 2017 at 35 years, 342 days.
Oldest winner (female) – Navratilova won the mixed doubles match in 2003 at 46 years, 261 days old.
Youngest winner (male) – Boris Becker won the Men’s Singles title in 1985 age 17 years, 228 days.
Youngest winner (female) – Martina Hingis won the Ladies’ Doubles Championship in 1996 at 15 years, 282 days old.
Longest tennis match ever played (any tournament) – At the 2010 tournament, John Isner defeated Nicolas Mahut in a match that lasted 11 hours and five minutes over three days. The final set took 138 games (at the time there were no tie-breakers in 5th sets at Wimbledon and a player had to win by two games). The final score: 6-4, 3-6, 6-7 (7), 7-6 (3), 70-68.
1868 – The All England Croquet Club is founded. The grounds are located off Worple Road in London’s suburb of Wimbledon.
1877 – The name is changed to the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club and the first Lawn Tennis Championship is held.
1882 – “Croquet” is dropped from the club’s moniker, as the sport declines in popularity. It is reinstated in 1899.
1915-1918 – Wimbledon is suspended during World War I.
1922 – The Championships move to Church Road, Wimbledon’s current location.
1940-1945 – Wimbledon is suspended during World War II.
October 1940 – During WWII, a bomb hits Centre Court, which results in the loss of 1,200 seats in the stadium.
2007 – Female winners receive the same cash awards as the male winners for the first time.
May 17, 2009 – The retractable roof over Centre Court is unveiled during an exhibition match.
October 2018 – The All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club (AELTC) Committee introduces a final-set tiebreak rule that begins when players are tied at 12-12 in the fifth set [third set for women].
July 2019 – AELTC implements the new final-set tiebreak rule and it is used for first time during the men’s championship final.
April 1, 2020 – It is announced that this year’s Wimbledon has been canceled due to the coronavirus outbreak.
April 27, 2021 – AELTC announces The Championships will become a 14-day tournament starting in 2022, with matches set to be played on Middle Sunday. Middle Sunday is traditionally a day off at the Wimbledon Championships.
April 20, 2022 – Wimbledon organizers announce that Russian and Belarusian players will not be allowed to compete at this year’s grand slam following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
November 17, 2022 – Wimbledon organizers announce that they will relax their all-white dress code, allowing female players to wear dark-colored undershorts if they choose.
by tyler | Jun 7, 2023 | CNN, world
Here’s a look at the Korean War. Although hostilities ceased in 1953, there has been no formal end to the war.
Under Japanese rule before and during World War II, Korea was divided into two parts after the Japanese surrender. The Soviet Union occupied the area north of the 38th parallel and the United States occupied the area south until 1948.
Two new ideologically opposite countries were established in 1948: The Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea).
North Korea wants reunification under communist rule.
The first war in which the United Nations played a role. When asked to send military aid to South Korea, 16 countries sent troops and 41 sent equipment or aid. China fought on the side of North Korea, and the Soviet Union sent them military equipment.
The United States sent about 90% of the troops that were sent to aid South Korea.
The first war with battles between jet aircraft.
The United States spent around $67 billion on the war.
The truce talks lasted two years and 17 days.
The casualty toll had been reported as 54,246 until June 2000, when the Pentagon acknowledged that a clerical error had included deaths outside the Korean War theater in the total.
There are more than 7,600 American soldiers still unaccounted for from the Korean War.
There has never been a peace treaty, so technically, the Korean War has never ended.
Source: Dept. of Defense
US Deaths:
Hostile: 33,739
Non-Hostile: 2,835
Total In-Theatre: 36,574
US Wounded in Action – 103,284
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
South Korea – (217,000 military, 1,000,000 civilian)
North Korea – (406,000 military, 600,000 civilian)
China – (600,000 military)
November 1947 – The United Nations General Assembly approves elections to be held throughout Korea to choose a provisional government for the entire county. The Soviet Union opposes this.
May 10, 1948 – The people of South Korea elect a national assembly, setting up the government of the Republic of Korea. The north refuses to take part.
September 9, 1948 – North Korean Communists establish the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
June 25, 1950 – 135,000 soldiers from the communist North Korean People’s Army (NKPA) cross the 38th parallel and invade Republic of Korea (ROK).
June 25, 1950 – The UN Security Council denounces North Korea’s actions and calls for a cessation of hostilities and withdrawal of the NKPA to the 38th parallel.
June 26, 1950 – US President Harry S. Truman directs General Douglas MacArthur to evacuate American dependents from Korea and to assist the ROK Army.
June 30, 1950 – Truman orders ground troops into action.
July 1950 – In the first month of the war, US soldiers kill significant numbers of Korean civilians under a bridge, near a village called No Gun Ri. It is unclear whether the soldiers were ordered to kill civilians or acted on their own.
July 5, 1950 – For the first time since the end of World War II, US troops go into battle, at Osan, 30 miles south of Seoul. The first American casualty of the Korean War dies here, Private Kenneth Shadrick of West Virginia.
June 23, 1951 – Jacob Malik, a Soviet delegate to the UN, proposes a cease-fire.
July 10, 1951 – Truce talks begin at Kaesong.
October 25, 1951 – Truce talks are moved to Panmunjom.
November 27, 1951 – Both sides agree the existing battle lines would be the final dividing line between North and South Korea if a truce is reached in 30 days.
April 1952 – Truce talks are deadlocked over voluntary repatriation.
October 8, 1952 – Truce talks are adjourned.
April 26, 1953 – Truce talks are resumed, and the Communists agree to voluntary repatriation.
July 27, 1953 – Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Chinese People’s Volunteers and the UN sign an armistice agreement. The Republic of Korea refuses to sign. However, hostilities cease within 12 hours. Terms of the armistice include creation of the demilitarized zone, the DMZ. Each side is 2,200 yards from a center point. The DMZ is patrolled by both sides at all times.
2007-present – The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency posts news releases online about recently accounted for service members’ remains.
April 27, 2018 – During a day-long summit, South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un pledge to formally end the Korean War, 65 years after hostilities ceased. Because of the involvement of the United Nations and countries such as the United States and China in the war, these nations will need to be signatories on an official peace treaty.
by tyler | Jun 7, 2023 | CNN, world
Here is a look at the life of Mohamed ElBaradei, former director general of the IAEA and Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Birth date: June 17, 1942
Birth place: Cairo, Egypt
Birth name: Mohamed Mostafa ElBaradei
Father: Mostafa ElBaradei, an attorney
Mother: Aida (Hegazi) ElBaradei
Marriage: Aida (Elkachef) ElBaradei
Children: Laila and Mostafa
Education: University of Cairo, bachelor’s degree in Law, 1962; New York University School of Law, doctorate in International Law, 1974
1964 – Begins his career in the Egyptian Diplomatic Service. Serves in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the United Nations in New York and Geneva.
1974-1978 – Special assistant to the Foreign Minister of Egypt.
1980 – Senior fellow in charge of the International Law Program at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research.
1981-1987 – Adjunct professor of international law at New York University School of Law.
1984 – Joins the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a legal adviser.
December 1997-November 2009 – Director General of the IAEA.
March 7, 2003 – In a presentation to the UN Security Council, ElBaradei says the IAEA “to date found no evidence or plausible indication of the revival of a nuclear weapon program in Iraq.”
October 7, 2005 – Receives the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with the IAEA, for efforts “to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way.”
February 2006 – Receives the Greatest Nile Collar, Egypt’s highest honor.
January 2011 – Participates in protests in Cairo and is placed under house arrest, a source tells CNN.
April 26, 2011 – ElBaradei’s book, “The Age of Deception: Nuclear Diplomacy in Treacherous Times,” is published.
July 14, 2013 – Is sworn in as Egypt’s interim vice president for foreign relations.
August 14, 2013 – Resigns as vice president for foreign relations and steps down to protest the heavy police response to anti-government demonstrators. He moves to Vienna, Austria, before the end of the month.
